Founded in 1913, the Historical Society of Montgomery County is a not-for-profit institution that collects and preserves materials and information regarding the past of Montgomery County, the region's people, businesses, agriculture, art, education, and settlement, and more.

The society manages the Montgomery County Museum and historic Harkey House in the City of Hillsboro, both located on South Broad Street. The small museum building, once the first one-room schoolhouse in Hillsboro, hosts exhibits showcasing the society's collected artifacts and documents, an archive, office, and gift shop. Harkey House, built in 1834 by Solomon Harkey, was donated to the society in 1968 by Ivan Lingle, owner of Lingle Motors.

Both buildings have been restored and can be toured on Wednesdays & Saturdays from 10 AM - 1 PM. See artifacts from Montgomery County's past, rotating exhibits, and the restored period Harkey home staged much like it was in its prime. The society also hosts history-based events and fundraisers throughout the year.